Digital solutions are vital to preparing for disasters in an uncertain future - Guest Author - Ronald Jackson

On the International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction, Ronald Jackson, Head of the Disaster Risk Reduction, Recovery for Building Resilience Team, discusses how communities around the world are using new approaches to data collection to reduce their vulnerability to disasters.

Florida Ere is a single mother of six in Turkwel, Turkana, Kenya. She is a subsistence farmer who depends on the fruits of her labour to feed herself and her children. But every year, Florida must contend with natural hazards, such as seasonal flooding, which threaten her livelihood and endanger her prosperity.

Florida is typical of the 4 billion people affected globally by climate-related disasters over the last 20 years, most of whom live in developing countries. She is also one of 1.3 billion people on the planet dependent on degrading agricultural land - and like many in Kenya, her community is likely to bear a disproportionate brunt of the climate crisis.

She is however, also one of millions around the world benefitting from programmes supporting risk-informed development and early warning and preparedness. In multiple countries, UNDP is pioneering digital systems to enhance access to data – to help at risk communities build resilience to shocks and crises, and to better prepare for disasters.

Florida’s community set up a simple system that utilized radio alerts and signal flags to alert farmers about impending inclement weather. However, despite its ingenuity, this approach was often unreliable, and not everyone received punctual flood warnings. Working with the United Nations Environment Programme, UNDP and the Climwarn project created a web-based early warning system that monitors weather hazards, vulnerability and risk, and automatically issues warnings via SMS. This helps the community use data to understand its own systemic risk – and provides a more sophisticated and reliable early warning system. We are working to emulate, expand and improve upon this model in other countries.

Another system receiving UNDP support is the Mosul dam Emergency Preparedness in Iraq project, currently protecting more than 5 million people along the Tigris River against dam failure. Quantifying disaster risk for those living in the Tigris River Basin was a challenge, but the project was able to digitize the data onto one system, making it much easier to identify the communities most vulnerable to disaster. These insights have allowed the authorities to issue more accurate flood warning messages - and the information also feeds into local development policies. The existence of this integrated system turned out to be invaluable with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. As the data was already in place, the system could quickly, simply and affordably be repurposed to send vital SMS messages to more than 2 million geographically-targeted at-risk populations.

In 2021, we commemorate International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction, in the midst of a global pandemic. COVID-19 has revealed both the need for an all-of-society focus on disaster risk reduction, and laid bare many shortcomings not least by exposing governance failures despite repeated warnings. This is an ominous sign – especially in light of the looming global climate crisis, which will increase the frequency and severity of natural hazards across the world and may render current strategies for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation obsolete in many countries. In 2018, 108 million people required humanitarian help as a result of storms, floods, droughts It has also raised questions regarding the institutional arrangements for addressing systemic risks and wildfires. Climate change modelling suggests this number will increase by 50 per cent by 2030. WHO says that by 2030 there will be an additional 250,000 deaths per year from malnutrition, malaria, diarrhoea and heat stress because of climate change.cascading events. A new approach that embraces new technology that supports a risk-informed approach is vital as we move forward. 

I am pleased to say that looking to the future, with UNDP support, many new programmes are indeed stepping up to this challenge and looking to increase the use of digital technology in everyday work. For example, the DX4Resilience initiative, which is improving data collection and analysis of the most vulnerable, with digital solutions across Indonesia, Nepal, the Philippines and Sri Lanka. Since about half, the world remains unconnected or poorly connected, and a lack of connection disproportionately affects vulnerable groups living in high-risk areas, this programme takes into consideration issues related to access, ability and local languages, and ensures vulnerable groups are empowered by the solutions developed. We need more solutions like this.

This International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction, it is worth remembering that in the last two decades, disasters claimed approximately 1.23 million lives, an average of 60,000 per annum. They also cost more than US$ 2.97 trillion in economic loss worldwide. Insured losses from natural disasters reached $42 billion in the first six months of 2021 alone, a 10-year high.

Disasters exacerbate poverty and disproportionately harm the poor. We urgently need better international cooperation for developing countries to reduce their disaster risk – and more approaches that use digital solutions to improve risk-informed development, early warning and preparedness.

#DRRDay #OnlyTogether

Theme: “International cooperation for developing countries to reduce their disaster risk and disaster losses”

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Mr. Ronald Jackson is Head of the Disaster Risk Reduction and Recovery for Building Resilience Team (DRT) in UNDP’s Crisis Bureau/Global Policy Network, and is based in Geneva.

Ronald has over 20 years of experience in Disaster Risk Reduction and Management within the Caribbean Region. He was previously the Executive Director of the Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Management Agency (CDEMA), and has served in the capacity of Director General and Deputy Director General of the Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management (ODPEM) in Jamaica. The third Iteration of the Caribbean Comprehensive Disaster Management Strategy (2014-2024) was developed under his leadership, and he has led numerous regional and national responses to tropical cyclone and extreme rainfall events, as well as other natural disasters. Ronald was awarded a Certificate of Commendation from the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) for his contribution to the rescue and recovery efforts in the aftermath of the January 2010 Haiti Earthquake.

Ronald holds a Master of Science Degree in Natural Resource Management and Environmental Resource Management from the University of the West Indies, a Bachelor of Science Degree in Physical Planning and Environmental Resource Development from the University of Technology, as well as a Master’s Certificate in Monitoring Evaluation and Reporting. He has also lectured on Disaster Risk Management at the University of the West Indies.